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What Are The Dangers Of AI? Find Out Why People Are Afraid Of Artificial Intelligence

Here's a look at how powerful artificial intelligence can be

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Many experts worry that the rapid development of artificial intelligence may have unforeseen disastrous consequences for humanity.

Machine learning technology is designed to assist humans in their everyday life and provide the world with open access to information.

However, the unregulated nature of AI in its current state could lead to harmful consequences for its users and the world as a whole. Read below to find out the risks of AI.

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The emergence of artificial intelligence has led to feelings of uncertainty, fear, and hatred toward a technology that most people do not fully understand. AI can automate tasks that previously only humans could complete, such as writing an essay, organizing an event, and learning another language. However, experts worry that the era of unregulated AI systems may create misinformation, cyber-security threats, job loss, and political bias.

For instance, AI systems can articulate complex ideas coherently and quickly due to large data sets and information. However, the information used by AI to generate responses tends to be incorrect because of the inability of AI to distinguish valid data. The open-access usage of these AI systems may further promote this misinformation in academic papers, articles, and essays.

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In addition, the algorithms that compose the operational capabilities of artificial intelligence are built by humans with certain political and social biases. If humanity becomes reliant on AI to seek out information, then these systems could screw research in a way that benefits one side of the political aisle. Certain AI chat programs, such as ChatGPT, have faced allegations of operating with a liberal bias by refusing to generate information about Hunter Biden's laptop scandal.

Artificial intelligence poses many advantages to humans, including streamlining simple and complex everyday tasks, and can act as a ready-to-go 24/7 assistant; however, AI does have the potential to get out of control. One of the dangers of AI is its ability to be weaponized by corporate entities or governments to restrict the rights of the public. For example, AI has the capability of using the data of facial recondition technology to track the location of individuals and families. China's government regularly uses this technology to target protesters and those advocating against regime policies.

Moreover, artificial intelligence offers a wide range of advantages to the financial industry by advising investors on market decisions. Companies use AI algorithms to help build models that predict future market volatility and when to buy or sell stocks. However, algorithms do not use the same context that humans use when making market decisions and do not understand the fragility of the everyday economy.

Companies using artificial intelligence to filter out applicants during the hiring process may lead to discrimination. REUTERS/Dado Ruvic/Illustration

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AI could complete thousands of trades within a day to help boost profits but may contribute to the next market crash by scaring investors. Financial institutions need to have a deep understanding of the algorithms of these programs to ensure there are safety nets to stop AI from overselling stocks.

Religious and political leaders have also noted how the rapid development of machine learning technology can lead to a degradation of morals and cause humanity to become completely reliant on artificial intelligence. Tools such as OpenAI's ChatGPT may be used by college students to forge essays, thus making academic dishonesty easier for millions of people. Meanwhile, jobs that once gave individuals purpose and fulfillment, as well as a means of living, could be erased overnight as AI continues to accelerate in public life.

Artificial intelligence can lead to invasion of privacy, social manipulation, and economic uncertainty. But another aspect to consider is how the rapid, everyday use of AI can lead to discrimination and socioeconomic struggles for millions of people. Machine learning technology collects a trove of data on users, including information that financial institutions and government agencies may use against you.

A common example is a car insurance company raising your premiums based on how many times an AI program has tracked you using your phone while driving. In the employment arena, companies may use AI hiring programs to filter out the qualities they want in the candidates. This may exclude people of color and individuals with fewer opportunities.

Over the last few years, the use and popularity of AI has grown rapidly across the world. IStock

The most dangerous element to consider with artificial intelligence is that these programs do not make decisions based on the same emotional or social context as humans. Although AI may be used and created with good intentions, it could lead to the unforeseen dangers of discrimination, privacy abuse, and rampant political bias.

Will Artificial Intelligence Help Teachers—or Replace Them?

Most of the focus on artificial intelligence in K-12 education has been on ChatGPT and how students can use it to cheat. But that obscures the bigger changes to education that recent advances in AI are kicking off, said Peter Stone, an expert on the future of this technology.

"I do think that the concerns about ChatGPT changing the nature of cheating is a little bit of a tempest in a teapot," he said.

Stone is a professor of computer science at the University of Texas at Austin. He's the chair of the One Hundred Year Study on Artificial Intelligence (AI100), which draws insights from experts around the world in reports published every five years to try to understand what the long-term impacts of AI will be on society. Stone is also a signatory of an open letter from prominent AI experts and tech leaders calling for a 6-month pause on the development of new AI systems, following the release of ChatGPT-4 and concerns that even the developers of these new technologies don't fully understand how they work or their power.

Education Week put three questions to Stone on how AI will likely impact education.

This conversation has been edited for length and clarity.

How do you see AI disrupting or fundamentally changing K-12 education?

Peter Stone

First of all, it's going to be very important for students being educated today to learn about artificial intelligence. That's different than artificial intelligence changing education [and] more about making artificial intelligence as a topic of education.

It's going to be a part of their careers and their working environment. So, they need to know how to use artificial intelligence technologies and also to be literate as to what AI is capable of, what it's not capable of, what its potential uses and misuses are.

I taught a graduate course this year on introduction to ethical AI and robotics—things like misinformation and impacts on the economy, and all these sorts of things are very appropriate for K-12 students to be thinking about.

The other is there have been people working in artificial intelligence for a long time on personalizing education. When a person is trying to learn, can we figure out what they're good at and bad at from watching them do a couple trials and have it [the A.I. Program] automatically suggest what task the person should try next? It can apply to learning math. It can apply to learning writing—trying to automate or personalize the curriculum that a student needs to be able to learn as quickly as possible. There's a whole field of this that goes by the name of intelligent tutoring. This is something that can, as it becomes more mature, definitely disrupt K-12 education.

Is there a role for a teacher in that scenario? Or could they be replaced?

Jobs are going to be transformed. They're not going to disappear. There's always going to be a role for a teacher. With automated curricula, there's still room for a person's intuition, to watch the student where they're struggling and to adjust the curriculum.

Teachers are going to be able to help students use the tools. Did a calculator replace the role of human teachers in math classrooms? No. The teacher now has to teach how to do arithmetic without a calculator and then how to use the calculator appropriately. This notion of curriculum learning is aiming to automate some of that process. But it's a long way from being perfect. I don't think there's any danger that it's going to be better than individualized attention from a human teacher. On the other hand, it may not be a stretch for it to be much better than having no teacher or having a teacher who's in a classroom that has way too many students for them to pay attention to.

How do you prepare students for a labor market in which you don't even know what jobs might exist five years from now?

If you look back through human history, it used to be that the job you did was the same job that your parents did and that would be true for generations. Then [with the] industrial revolution, you might not do the same job that your parents did, but you would at least be doing the same job for your whole working life. Over the past decade, that's no longer the case. People often change careers.

We shouldn't be educating our students to do a particular job. We now need to be educating our students to be able to be flexible, to be able to retrain themselves, to be able to learn how to learn … because the nature of that job may change over the next few years. Or you may find that you need to be able to jump to a new career partway through. Being empowered to learn how to learn, a lot of that is literacy with technology and literacy with artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence is going to impact a lot of jobs going forward.

The question we should all be asking is: how can it be used to improve education to make it more effective? How can we find ways to make teachers more efficient at teaching; students more efficient at learning?

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Arianna Prothero covers technology, student well-being, and the intersection of the two for Education Week.

ChatGPT's Artificial Intelligence Can Produce Artificial Truth

Elon Musk: Artificial intelligence is already past the point of what most humans can do

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ChatGPT is being touted as the superpowered AI of science fiction lore, with the potential to inflame academic dishonesty, render jobs obsolete, and perpetuate political bias.

Unsurprisingly, governments are now taking heavy-handed, drastic measures to combat this perceived AI problem.

Italy's recent ChatGPT ban has prompted several countries – including France, Ireland, Germany and Canada – to consider similar policies blocking OpenAI's popular artificial intelligence program. According to the Italian Data Protection Authority, ChatGPT does not have "any legal basis that justifies the massive collection and storage of personal data." The agency gave the company 20 days to respond with changes or face a hefty multimillion-dollar fine. Meanwhile, Elon Musk and industry leaders are calling for an "AI pause."

It is too early to determine if ChatGPT will actually live up to these claims. Since the long-term impact is still unclear, knee-jerk reactions like national bans yield little societal benefit. Our governments should focus on mitigating the chatbot's immediate harms, such as misinformation and slander.

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Chatbots trained on large language models, such as OpenAI's GPT-4, Google's Bard and Microsoft's Bing Chat fall under the larger umbrella of generative AI, which use machine-learning systems to create videos, audio, pictures, text and other forms of media. While U.S. Regulators have grappled with questions related to algorithmic bias, often in the context of decision-making systems that assist in hiring and lending, generative AI poses an array of new questions and challenges.

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Dall-E 2 seen on mobile with AI brain on Jan. 22, 2023, in Brussels, Belgium. Jonathan Raa/NurPhoto via Getty Images

For instance, Dall-E can make realistic images and art based on user prompts. As a machine learning model, Dall-E produces new content by "learning" from large swaths of data, at times by appropriating works of art and human images. Italy is targeting this privacy concern, but ultimately any prohibitions presuppose issues with emerging and evolving technology before they have been fully defined. The effectiveness of the policy depends on the extent to which these assumptions are correct.

National bans neglect to account for positive applications, such as increasing efficiency and productivity by making tedious tasks easier. Health experts predict that generative AI can be used for administrative purposes and improve the patient experience. If the ban is implemented successfully, Italy – and other countries that follow suit – will only prevent users from making use of the popular program and discourage domestic researchers from developing generative AI systems. It is also important to note that restrictions affect law-abiding citizens, not bad actors using the technology for more nefarious purposes, such as deception and fraud.

How is artificial intelligence affecting kids?

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EUROPEAN LAWMAKERS LOOK TO REIN IN HARMFUL EFFECTS OF AI

While bans may not be the solution for addressing nascent technology, sensible and targeted regulations can ameliorate present harms. Regarding ChatGPT, there is a significant disparity between public perceptions of the chatbot and its actual abilities and accuracy. Its "learning" resembles imitation and mimicry far more than genuine understanding. Although the program is inclined to generate seemingly human-like responses, they can lack depth and, at their worst, be manufactured facts. Despite these flaws, many users do not check the veracity of ChatGPT's responses and instead treat them as data-driven truth.

Consider this simple prompt I gave ChatGPT: quotes from lawmakers about AI. It proceeded to list a series of convincing, yet entirely fabricated citations. All the links were broken or invalid. Similarly, SCOTUSblog, a legal analysis website, asked ChatGPT 50 questions about the Supreme Court and found that the program was wrong or misleading in a majority of its responses. For the chatbot, success is predicting and producing appropriate responses to the user's request – not accuracy.

Does artificial intelligence post a threat to humanity?

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Incorrect information can have serious consequences when the stakes are high. Such as defamation, which has legal ramifications, though it is still unclear who would be responsible for AI speakers. In Australia, a mayor who was falsely accused by ChatGPT of bribery is contemplating a lawsuit against OpenAI, which would be the first defamation case against the chatbot.

Lawmakers in the United States and around the world should evaluate how emerging AI systems interface with the law. Sweeping prohibitions will do little to clarify these murky legal expectations, yet they will stifle the development of a program that millions find useful.

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