An In-depth Review of Andrew Ng's deeplearning.ai Speciliazation
AI Watch: Global Regulatory Tracker - Israel
Israel promotes responsible AI innovation through policy and sector-specific guidelines to address core issues and ethical principles.
Laws/Regulations directly regulating AI (the "AI Regulations")Currently, there are no specific codified laws, statutory rules or regulations in Israel that directly regulate AI.
AI Policy: Israel's Ministry of Innovation, Science and Technology ("MIST"), in collaboration with the Ministry of Justice ("MOJ"), published: (i) a White Paper on AI in 2022; and (ii) following public consultations, its first policy on "Artificial Intelligence Regulations and Ethics" in 2023 (the "AI Policy") (at the time of writing, a full English translation is yet to be published).
The AI Policy encourages "responsible AI innovation in the private sector"1 through a principled-based, sector-specific regulatory approach using 'soft' tools, such as non-binding ethical principles and voluntary standards. While sector-specific regulation is intended to promote flexibility, the AI Policy also allows for the potential adoption of horizontal legislation if common challenges across sectors arise.
According to the AI Policy, the Israeli government's policy on public sector applications of AI is being developed separately.
Other AI-related Developments: The AI Policy forms part of a wider effort by the Israeli government to address the benefits and risks of AI, which include:
Government Decision No. 212 of 1 August 2021 ("Decision 212") – a decision on the reinforcement of technological leadership in Israel which tasked MIST with: (i) advancing a national AI plan for Israel; and (ii) implementing the first phase of the "TELEM Outline," an initiative to (among other things) develop research, human capital, infrastructure and tools in the field of AI (see here, in Hebrew)
Publications by the MOJ, or an Office of the MOJ, on the use of AI in financial services2 and IP challenges in the context of large-scale AI models3
A proposed national-level forum for public participation on AI policy in Israel, comprised of regulators and experts in technology, policy and law, to promote coordination and coherence in sectoral AI regulation
A proposed AI Policy Coordination Centre within MIST and in collaboration with the MOJ to organize and coordinate on regulatory issues relating to artificial intelligence, including (among other responsibilities) to implement and update the AI Policy
MIST's active participation in various multinational forums to develop AI regulation and standards, including the OECD's Working Party on AI Governance and the Council of Europe's Committee on AI.
As noted above, there are currently no specific laws or regulations in Israel that directly regulate AI.
Other laws affecting AIThere are various laws that do not directly seek to regulate AI, but may affect the development or use of AI in Israel. A non-exhaustive list of key examples includes:
Although not legally binding, various opinions have also been published on the aforementioned areas:
As noted above, there are currently no specific laws in Israel that directly regulate AI. As such, there is no single legally recognized definition of "AI" in Israel. Nevertheless, the AI Policy describes "AI systems" as having "a wide range of applications such as autonomous vehicles, medical imaging analysis, credit scoring, securities trading, personalized learning and employment," notwithstanding that "the list of applications is constantly expanding."8
Territorial scopeAs noted above, there are currently no specific laws or regulations in Israel that directly regulate AI. In addition, the AI Policy does not specify a territorial scope.
Sectoral scopeAs noted above, there are currently no specific laws or regulations in Israel that directly regulate AI.
The AI Policy directs its guidelines and recommendations to sector-specific regulators for AI regulation in areas such as health, education, finance, and more, as it advocates for tailored sectoral regulations instead of broad horizontal legislation.9
While there are overarching recommendations in the AI Policy to foster cooperation between the public and private sectors, the Israeli government's policy on public sector applications of AI is stated as being developed separately.
Compliance rolesAs noted above, there are currently no specific laws or regulations in Israel that directly regulate AI. Accordingly, there are currently no specific or unique obligations imposed on developers, users, operators and/or deployers of AI systems.
Nevertheless, the AI Policy urges sectoral regulators to determine suitable regulations for developers, users, operators and deployers of AI systems, including micro to medium enterprises. These actors should anticipate regulatory changes (whether legally binding or voluntary) based on the policy's recommendations.
Core issues that the AI Regulations seek to addressAs noted above, there are currently no specific laws or regulations in Israel that directly regulate AI. Nevertheless, the AI Policy identifies seven core challenges:
As noted above, there are currently no specific laws or regulations in Israel that directly regulate AI. AI is also not generally classified according to risk in the relevant frameworks and principles.
Nevertheless, in line with the approach taken by the OECD AI Recommendations, the AI Policy recommends adopting a risk-based approach through a risk assessment undertaken by the appropriate sector-specific regulator. Such an undertaking should take into account the type of technology, potential benefits and mitigation measures in the context of that specific use. It remains to be seen what categories of risk will be incorporated into this proposed risk assessment.
Key compliance requirementsAs noted above, there are currently no specific laws or regulations in Israel that directly regulate AI.Nevertheless, the AI Policy proposes the adoption of a common set of ethical AI principles to achieve responsible innovation, which are largely based upon the OECD AI Principles:
It is important to note that the AI Policy states that these principles are not legally binding on regulators or organizations and that they do not constitute a tool for legal interpretation.
RegulatorsCurrently, there is no AI-specific regulator in Israel. The MIST is the executive agency for national AI-related strategies and appears to work in close collaboration with the MOJ. The AI Policy encourages the applicable sector-specific regulator(s) to assess the need for any regulation for the development and use of AI.
Enforcement powers and penaltiesAs noted above, there are currently no specific laws or regulations in Israel that directly regulate AI. As such, enforcement and penalties relating to the creation, dissemination and/or use of AI are currently governed by related violations in non-AI legislation.
1 See the AI Policy (English Summary Version) at pg. 2.2 See a report published by the Office of Legal Counsel and Legislative Affairs at the MOJ in 2022 (in Hebrew).3 An opinion published by the MOJ on 18 December 2022. This opinion is further discussed below.4 https://www.Wipo.Int/wipolex/en/legislation/details/11509.5 https://www.Gov.Il/BlobFolder/legalinfo/legislation/en/ProtectionofPrivacyLaw57411981unofficialtranslatio.Pdf (unofficial English translation).6 The opinion published by the MOJ on December 18, 2022 is available here. To summarize, the opinion concluded that apart from exceptional cases, the use of copyrighted materials for machine learning purposes as it applies to the learning process itself (rather than the output of machine-learning based systems) is generally permitted.7 From third-party articles, we understand that the opinion by the Israeli privacy regulator, published on July 31, 2022 (see article here), clarifies that the collection and use of personal data using algorithm or AI-based decision-making systems must fully conform with notification obligations and recommends that the notifications include a description of the systems, the way they operate and the source of data processed.8 See the AI Policy (English Summary Version) at pg. 2.9 See the AI Policy (English Summary Version) at pg. 2.10 The AI Policy does, however, note that consideration must be given to responsibility in the respective roles between a human and an AI system which requires "legal and regulatory certainty" (see the AI Policy (English Summary Version) at pg. 4, link here).11 The AI Policy notes that "additional regulatory intervention is justified" in relation to this challenge (see the AI Policy (English Summary Version) at pg. 5).12 The AI Policy notes that this challenge calls for, on a case-by-case basis, internal governance structures and risk assessments within organizations and AI companies across regulated sectors.13 The AI Policy notes that existing privacy regulations require elaboration to address privacy concerns in the development and use of AI systems.
Gornitzky contributors -Netta Shaked-Stadler, Ziv Rotenberg, and Assaf Harel.AI In Retail: Three Trends To Watch
Retailers can use AI to offer customers the level of service they're looking for.
gettyToday's generation of shoppers is growing more used to having AI involved in their transactions. Among customers, 80% expect bots and AI to improve experiences, according to a report by Verint. Buyers aren't surprised to see digital tools helping them while they shop online through their device, via voice activation, or in a store.
There are a growing number of ways that retailers can use AI to offer customers the level of service they're looking for. Here are three AI trends to watch for in retail:
1. Hyper-personalization at ScaleThere is so much data available today; the key is to sort through it and use it to make decisions. With AI, retailers can use machine learning algorithms to analyze customers' past purchases, browsing history, and demographic details. This information can then be used to suggest products that are most relevant to each customer. In addition, assets can be created with Generative AI to personalize every communication with the customer.
With AI, agents might also offer insights into up-and-coming trends and products that they think align with the shopper's tastes. Personalized messaging can be inserted into targeted email campaigns, on websites, or in other customized marketing activities. When customers feel they are being treated as individuals, they may feel a sense of loyalty to a brand.
Moreover, AI can elevate in-store shopping experiences for customers by using technologies like computer vision and facial recognition. By tracking customer movements and interactions within physical stores, retailers can gather valuable insights into consumer behavior.
2. Automated Customer ServiceWhen asked about AI, 52.4% of customers believed that the use of AI would improve customer service, according to MarTech.
These days, virtual assistants are able to understand natural language and context, which makes it possible to have ongoing conversations with customers and provide a level of service that wasn't possible in the past. Shoppers can receive 24/7 support and may have their questions answered right away.
The notable aspect of this trend is that you need both high-quality data and an integrated ecosystem. If the AI can only access limited information, and not perform any actions, it will be far less useful to customers, and they will do everything they can to bypass it. Instead, make sure the bot has access to order information, case details, customer preferences, and more so it can understand the customer. Little is more frustrating than a company that knows everything and yet isn't able to apply it to customer service.
Finally, action is key. The bot should be able to open new service cases for humans, be able to cancel orders (using business rules), and other common use cases. Bots are as smart as you make them.
3. Supply Chain OptimizationWith AI, retailers can further streamline operations, minimize costs, and increase efficiency in their distribution network. Today's technologies carry out demand forecasting, which can help prevent retailers from purchasing too many or too few items. If the data shows that customers will no longer be interested in a specific product in the future, retailers might reduce their orders. Companies may be alerted to purchase more of an item due to an expectation of growing demand.
Moreover, AI tools help companies monitor equipment and schedule maintenance to prevent breakdowns. Systems can track delivery services in real time. With data analytics and machine learning, drivers can find the best delivery routes that minimize transportation costs and ensure products are dropped off in a timely manner.
Going forward, we can expect AI to continue to revamp the retail industry. It will help retailers to create more personalized experiences and provide more sophisticated customer service. Companies will be able to reduce slowdowns and inefficiencies in their supply chain. If AI can truly help customers, there can be positive effects.
The best way to approach these trends is to focus on serving the customer, and then the use of AI will be clear.
Watch The Microsoft Build 2024 Keynote Live Here: More On Copilot+ And AI-enhanced PCs
Get ready for Build 2024. (Microsoft)
The annual Microsoft Build developers officially conference kicks off today — but the tech giant has already revealed a laundry list of AI-centric hardware news. In a jam-packed Monday press conference, Microsoft unveiled one of the biggest changes to the Windows PC landscape in a long time. Copilot+ PCs, led by new Surface Laptop and Surface Pro models, are a promising new line of computers
So what else does Microsoft have up its sleeve this week? Even more AI news, no doubt. With the hardware and Windows 11 news already on the board, CEO Satya Nadella and crew can provide even more detail on how the company's OpenAI partnership will further develop, and how Redmond will continue to counter Google's Gemini upgrades which were announced just last week.
You can follow along in real-time when the Build keynote starts Tuesday, May 21 at 12 PM ET/9 AM PT, and is scheduled to run for two hours. Watch the entire event live on YouTube (which is also embedded above) and at Microsoft's site (registration required).
If you want even more in-depth Microsoft Build news, there's also a second keynote session on Wednesday entitled Next generation AI for developers with the Microsoft Cloud. That one is scheduled for 11:30 AM ET/8:30 AM PT on May 22 and slated to run for 90 minutes.
This story was originally posted earlier and has been updated to reflect Monday's Copilot+, Surface and Windows 11 announcements and Tuesday's pre-keynote Build news.
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