Human-centered evaluation of explainable AI applications: a systematic review

How AI Is Impacting Society And Shaping The Future - Forbes

How AI Is Impacting Society And Shaping The Future

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In an age of swift technological evolution, artificial intelligence (AI) emerges as a transformative influence with the capacity to reshape both our society and industries. Anchored in ethics, transparency, and accountability, the development of AI becomes pivotal, acting as the cornerstone for constructing a future that seamlessly integrates technological advancement with social responsibility.

In the dynamic landscape of technological evolution, marked by transformative milestones in the digital age, artificial intelligence (AI) emerges as a pivotal force. Progressing from the inception of the internet to the widespread use of mobile devices, big data, and cloud computing, each phase has significantly shaped our daily lives and professional landscapes.

AI, with its potential to automate non-routine tasks, stands out as a transformative influence. As articulated by Berkeley Exec Ed in their recent article, the advent of the 'AI era' carries profound implications for our societies beyond technological advancements and business models. It prompts crucial questions about the evolving roles of humans as machines gain cognitive capabilities, particularly in leadership, decision-making, and strategy.

Establishing Safety Standards for Ethical AI

It is essential to consider its current influence and potential future implications. Beyond automating routine tasks, AI's disruptive potential extends from intricate data analysis to various professional fields. According to insights from Berkeley Exec Ed, AI's prediction technology has the potential to automate diverse non-routine tasks across various occupations, with up to 30% of tasks in about 60% of jobs holding the potential for automation. While this doesn't necessarily imply a jobless future, it underscores a pivotal shift in roles and responsibilities, emphasizing the increasing importance of adaptability in the workforce. As Pieter den Hamer, Vice President of Research at Gartner, notes, "Every job will be impacted by AI... Most of that will be more augmentation rather than replacing workers".

Dhanvin Sriram, Founder of PromptVibes, sees AI continuing to revolutionize industries by automating tasks, generating insights, and enhancing decision-making. His vision entails the integration of AI into all aspects of life, focusing on ethical development, transparency, and accountability. Dhanvin believes in a future where AI amplifies human abilities, leading to increased efficiency, productivity, and innovation across sectors.

Revolutionizing Industries With Ethical AI Integration

Prioritizing ethical considerations in AI development ensures alignment with societal values and a focus on human well-being. Establishing transparency throughout the development process builds a foundation of trust, enabling users and stakeholders to comprehend the operations of AI systems. Accountability reinforces developers' responsibility in addressing potential risks and consequences, creating a framework that promotes innovation while being mindful of its broader societal implications.

Brett Gronow, Founder of Systema AI, holds global patents that have been cited by Apple, Amazon, Microsoft, Samsung, and Spotify amongst many - envisions a future where if AI were to surpasses, certain vectors human capacity intellect, it could usher in an era of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). Brett emphasizes the need for safety standards and protocols to prevent the development of AI systems that could further harm humanity.

In his view, the positive impact of AI on culture and communication can be directed through purposeful and ethical means. Brett advocates for the vital transmission of non-manipulated data, and of the preservation of context especially in fields like social media, where algorithmic optimization has led to concerns about truth suppression.

Best Practice: Ethical AI Development

Fostering the establishment of robust safety standards and ethical guidelines in AI development is imperative to ensure a positive impact on society while concurrently mitigating the risks of malicious use. Embracing these principles as best practices will pave the way for responsible and beneficial advancements in artificial intelligence.

Bridging Language Divides In Education Through AI

Bridging language divides in education through AI requires a concerted effort to promote inclusivity and accessibility, making it essential to adhere to safety standards and ethical guidelines in AI development. According to Brookings education, the surge in AI deployment brings to light a critical consideration – the inherent bias towards dominant languages. As elucidated in the exploration of language by Austrian philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein, "The limits of my language mean the limits of my world." The current trajectory of generative AI, often rooted in major languages, raises concerns about the perpetuation of social and economic divisions. With over 7,000 languages spoken globally, the majority of internet content is confined to a handful of dominant languages, creating a digital language divide. This not only hampers inclusivity but also perpetuates historical inequalities, reminiscent of past instances where language served as a tool of power, shaping socio-ethnic contexts and influencing the trajectory of technological tools. As we navigate the digital era, it becomes imperative to address and rectify the widening linguistic gap perpetuated by AI technologies.

Maria Chmir, Founder and CEO of Rask AI, is focused on addressing language disparities in education. Recognizing that online education often caters to a limited number of languages, Maria's vision is to democratize access to global knowledge by offering education in 130+ languages. Rask AI achieves this by providing educators with tools for content localization, including audio and video translation, dubbing, voice cloning, and lipsyncing.

Best Practice: Inclusive Education Through AI

A best practice for inclusive education through AI lies in advocating for the localization of educational content in multiple languages, thereby ensuring equitable access to knowledge and effectively bridging language divides in the realm of AI-driven education.

AI Automation In Brand Development

Transitioning into the realm of AI automation in brand development, it becomes crucial to explore how artificial intelligence can not only enhance educational inclusivity but also play a transformative role in shaping and optimizing brand strategies.

AI automation in brand development represents a transformative frontier where technology meets creativity. Brands are harnessing the power of artificial intelligence to streamline and enhance various facets of their development strategies. From advanced data analytics for market insights to personalized content creation and social media engagement, AI automation is revolutionizing the way brands connect with their audience. The precision and efficiency offered by AI tools in tasks such as customer targeting, trend analysis, and campaign optimization contribute to building a cohesive and impactful brand identity. As real-time data becomes integral to decision-making, AI automation proves to be a dynamic force, allowing brands to adapt and thrive in an ever-evolving digital landscape.

Drake Tigges, who specializes in digital marketing and conducts marketing master classes, provides insights into the impact of AI automation on the workspace. Having utilized AI tools over the years, he acknowledges the evolution of automation from follow/unfollow techniques to advanced functionalities like story viewing and post-scheduling. Drake emphasizes the benefits of AI automation for brand building while highlighting the importance of user knowledge and caution due to the ever-changing landscape of social platforms.

Best Practice: Informed AI Automation

In culmination, embracing the best practice of informed AI automation in brand development calls for a commitment to encouraging knowledgeable utilization, recognizing the inherent benefits, and maintaining vigilance amidst evolving platform dynamics for sustained success.

The future of AI is continuously being defined and reshaping our society. With the rapid changes, individuals can foresee a landscape where ethical practices, inclusivity, and knowledge are paramount. As industries evolve, embracing AI responsibly becomes crucial for positive societal impact. Through the collective efforts of innovators, individuals can navigate the transformative potential of AI, ensuring a future where technology serves humanity and fosters positive change.

It's Breathtaking How Fast AI Is Screwing Up The Education System - Gizmodo

The AI industry has promised to "disrupt" large parts of society, and you need look no further than the U.S. Educational system to see how effectively it's done that. Education has been "disrupted," all right. In fact, the disruption is so broad and so shattering that it's not clear we're ever going to have a functional society again.

Probably the most unfortunate and pathetic snapshot of the current chaos being unfurled on higher education is a recent story by New York magazine that revealed the depths to which AI has already intellectually addled an entire generation of college students. The story, which involves interviews with a host of current undergraduates, is full of anecdotes like the one that involves Chungin "Roy" Lee, a transfer to Columbia University who used ChatGPT to write the personal essay that got him through the door:

When he started at Columbia as a sophomore this past September, he didn't worry much about academics or his GPA. "Most assignments in college are not relevant," he told me. "They're hackable by AI, and I just had no interest in doing them." While other new students fretted over the university's rigorous core curriculum, described by the school as "intellectually expansive" and "personally transformative," Lee used AI to breeze through with minimal effort. When I asked him why he had gone through so much trouble to get to an Ivy League university only to off-load all of the learning to a robot, he said, "It's the best place to meet your co-founder and your wife."

The cynical view of America's educational system—that it is merely a means by which privileged co-eds can make the right connections, build "social capital," and get laid—is obviously on full display here. If education isn't actually about learning anything, and is merely a game for the well-to-do, why not rig that game as quickly, efficiently, and cynically as possible? AI capitalizes on this cynical worldview, exploiting the view-holder and making them stupider while also profiting from them.

When you think about the current assault on the educational system, it's easy to forget how quickly this has all happened. A more recent story from 404 Media shows that the American educational system was largely caught unawares by the deluge of cheating that the AI industry would inspire. After accumulating thousands of pages of school district documents via FOIA requests from around the country, 404's Jason Koebler found that ChatGPT has "become one of the biggest struggles in American education." Koebler's reporting notes that, in the early days of the AI deluge, school districts were courted by "pro-AI consultants" who were known to give presentations that "largely encouraged teachers to use generative AI in their classrooms." For instance, Koebler writes that the Louisiana Department of Education sent him…

…a presentation it said it consulted called "ChatGPT and AI in Education," made by Holly Clark, the author of The AI Infused Classroom, Ken Shelton, the author of The Promises and Perils of AI in Education, and Matt Miller, the author of AI for Educators. The presentation includes slides that say AI "is like giving a computer a brain so it can learn and make decisions on its own," note that "it's time to rethink 'plagiarism' and 'cheating,'" alongside a graph of how students can use AI to help them write essays, "20 ways to use ChatGPT in the classroom," and "Warning: Going back to writing essays—only in class—can hurt struggling learners and doesn't get our kids ready for their future."

In other words, AI acolytes seemed to anticipate that the technology would effectively ruin essay-writing and test-taking, and wanted to spin it to present the ruination as mere "transformation"—a new way of doing things—instead of a destructive force that would devastate education.

This new way of doing things appears to be corrosive not just to students but also to teachers. Koebler's investigation shows that the AI lobbyists courted schools by making appeals to instructors, showing them that the likes of ChatGPT would make curriculum-building and assignment-giving that much easier. Now, teachers, too, seem to be taking the easy way out, as a recent New York Times story shows that college professors have been using chatbots to create their lesson plans, just as their students are using them to complete said lesson.

The result of all of this is so obvious that it doesn't really bear repeating, but I guess will anyways: Everybody who uses AI is going to get exponentially stupider, and the stupider they get, the more they'll need to use AI to be able to do stuff that they were previously able to do with their minds. The tech industry's subscriber-based, "as-a-service" model is obviously on full display here, except that the subscription will be to intellectual capacity. The more you subscribe, the less "organic" capacity you'll have. Eventually, companies will be able to pipe AI directly into your brain with the kind of neuro-implants being hawked by Neuralink and Apple. By then, of course, there will be no need for school, as we'll all just be part of the Borg collective.

Understanding AI's Impact On Behaviour And Society

Like every new technology, artificial intelligence (AI) creates new opportunities, risks, and uncertainties. However, AI is special—the first technology that can replace and surpass human intelligence rather than just support it, which may make it even more consequential than any technology we have previously developed.

AI is already being used to reshape the way we live and work. But will these changes be positive or negative? To some extent, this depends on if, and how, we use AI to change our behaviour and society. To explain that claim, let's examine the process of behaviour change, how AI might change it, and some of the implications.

What is the process of behaviour change?

Behaviour change is conceptualised in several ways; COM-B is one of the simple, rigorous and well-researched. It highlights three core drivers of behaviours, our i) capability, ii) motivation, and iii) opportunities.

The COM-B Model for Behavior Change

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How does AI influence core drivers of behaviour?

AI can easily be leveraged to affect these drivers of behaviour. Here are three examples.

AI can provide cheap and accessible education that can improve capabilities. AI can enhance human "capability" to do behaviour by offering personalised, adaptable, and affordable education. AI can already provide superior training than some types of traditional education, and in nearly all cases it can provide education that is significantly cheaper and more scalable. This means that millions of people can develop capabilities which they could not otherwise.

AI can provide cheap tailored content that can maximise motivations. AI can understand users at an unprecedented level of scale and sophistication and generate tailored novel content at a much lower cost than was previously possible. As a consequence, it can "motivate" behaviour by communicating what is of most interest to millions of individuals, at optimal moments, and with unprecedented affordability.

AI can time and deliver opportunities, affordably and at scale. Integrated into a vast, invasive, and pervasive modern communication system with access to our data and devices, AI can develop and deploy regular well-timed "opportunities" for behaviour that are more affordable and effective than was previously possible.

Implications

Whether the powerful influence of AI on our behaviours and lives is good or bad depends on how is it used.

If used well, it could significantly improve our productivity, happiness, and health. Visualise this (no doubt incorrect) picture of a future life enabled by AI. You tell your AI assistant that you need to finish a specific project today. It supports and scaffolds the work, gives feedback, and communicates your progress to your team.

That evening, an AI generates a new health-promoting virtual reality game, tailored to your personal need, that you play with friends. While you play, systems

Unfortunately, we have no reason to expect that the influence of AI will only or mostly be harnessed for good. For instance, terrorists may use AI to develop their capabilities to make weapons, social media networks may use it to drive addiction, and dystopian governments may use it to suppress free thought and action.

AI may also exacerbate many social inequities and problems. As AI begins to do more things that we once paid people to do, what will happen to their income and well-being? Perhaps we can create enough new jobs, or reshape social identities sufficiently to avoid a sense of meaningless. But perhaps not. It is one example of the many risks we should monitor and prepare for.

Artificial Intelligence Essential Reads

The need for more monitoring and research

I have shown how AI can be used to influence our behaviours, and the potential this has to create positive and negative impacts. Whether we get good or bad outcomes will depend, to some extent, on how well we understand this technology and its current and potential effects. The fact that we currently lack much knowledge is therefore greatly concerning.

To address this, psychologists, social scientists, and related professionals should focus on better understanding AI and human-AI interaction. They should explore how AI reasons, performs, and improves; how these capabilities and trends will impact us; and the implications for how to best develop and deploy it. This will be my focus here.

References

Michie, S., Richardson, M., et al. (2013). The behavior change technique taxonomy (v1) of 93 hierarchically clustered techniques: building an international consensus for the reporting of behavior change interventions. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 46(1), 81–95.

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